Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is essential for many processes in the body, especially the production of energy from nutrients, brain, ner- vous system and muscle function, a healthy stress response and a well-functioning antioxidant system. Vitamin B1 deficiency is mainly manifested by fatigue, weakness, brain and nerve disor- ders, and heart problems (Mrowicka M, 2023).
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is needed for the production of energy from nutrients, detoxification of toxins and drugs, and a properly functioning antioxidant system. It is also involved in the activa- tion of folate and vitamin B6, the production of vitamin B3, and the absorption of iron. Vitamin B2 deficiency is associated with cataracts, migraines, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, among other conditions (Suwannasom N, 2020).
Vitamin B3 (niacin/nicotinamide) is essential for energy produc- tion in the brain. It is involved in neutralizing free radicals and controlling inflammation. It protects the brain and nervous sys- tem from toxic substances and promotes the production of new nerve cells. It also improves blood flow to the brain (Fricker RA, 2018; Redzic S, 2023).
References
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 - Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Dragan G, et al. The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans. Biosci Rep. 2023 Oct 31;43(10):BSR20230374. doi: 10.1042/BSR20230374. PMID: 37389565; PMCID: PMC10568373.
 - Redzic S, Hashmi MF, Gupta V. Niacin Deficien- cy. 2023 Jul 25. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. PMID: 32491660.
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